Category: Winter

Crystalline Secrets: The Art and Science of Whelk Shell Formation

As you stroll along the beach, the beauty of whelk shells captures your attention. Ever wondered how these intricate structures form? Dive into the secrets of their creation, from cosmic origins to mollusk mastery. Discover the fascinating world within their shells

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Exploring the Formation of Whelk Shells


As I wander along the coast, the variety of seashells scattered across the beach fascinates me, particularly the whelk shells with their intricate designs and robust structure. This marvel of nature prompts me to delve into the science behind the formation of these shells, which are not just homes for the marine creatures but also a testament to the extraordinary processes that take place both within the organisms and across the cosmos.

 

The Architect: The Mantle of the Whelk


The journey of a whelk shell begins within the mollusk itself, specifically with an organ called the mantle. This organ is a marvel of biological engineering, responsible for laying down the calcium that forms the shell’s backbone. It secretes a matrix, a kind of biological scaffolding composed of proteins and polysaccharides, and then directs the deposition of calcium carbonate within this matrix to create the hard shell. The mantle’s work is meticulous, ensuring the shell’s growth and repair throughout the whelk’s lifetime.

 

The Building Blocks: Calcium, Carbon, and Oxygen


So why do the elements calcium, carbon, and oxygen play such a crucial role in shell formation? It’s a question of availability and suitability. These elements are abundant in the marine environment—calcium dissolved in seawater, carbon, and oxygen from both water and air. Their chemical properties allow the formation of calcium carbonate, a stable compound that can adopt various forms like calcite and aragonite, offering structural diversity for shells. Calcium carbonate’s moderate solubility enables mollusks to control shell formation precisely, and its biocompatibility ensures the process is safe for the living organism. Above all, the resulting crystalline structure provides immense strength and rigidity, a natural armor against predators and environmental challenges.

 

The Role of Calcium Carbonate


Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) is not just a building block for shells; it’s a common substance that shapes our world. Found in rocks as calcite and aragonite, it forms limestone, the basis of pearls, and even the eggshells we encounter daily. This compound is an active player in both industrial applications and biological functions, serving as an agricultural amendment, a component in cement, and even a dietary supplement for humans.

 

The Mollusk’s Craft: Extracting from the Environment


Whelks are not alchemists; they do not create calcium carbonate from thin air. Instead, they are master extractors, pulling calcium and carbonate ions from their surroundings and depositing them as calcium carbonate to form their shells. The mantle is at the heart of this process, secreting proteins and enzymes to facilitate ion extraction from the water. The precise regulation of ion concentrations and pH ensures the calcium carbonate crystallizes in the desired form, perfectly tailored for the whelk’s protection.

Star-born Elements: The Cosmic Connection


It’s astounding to think that the elements composing whelk shells are not just earthly but cosmic in origin. The calcium (atomic number 20), carbon (atomic number 6), and oxygen (atomic number 8) that are so critical to these marine structures owe their abundance to the stars. The life cycles of stars, from their hydrogen (atomic number 1) and helium (atomic number 2) fueled births to the explosive supernovae and neutron star collisions that mark their deaths, generate and scatter these elements throughout the universe. These star-born materials eventually coalesced to form our solar system and Earth, providing the necessary ingredients for geological and biological phenomena, including the formation of the whelk shells I hold in my hand.

 

 

As I reflect on the shells before me, I am reminded of the interconnectedness of all things—from the inner workings of a tiny mollusk to the vast and violent furnaces of stars. These shells are not just remnants of life; they are cosmic artifacts, a reminder of our connection to the universe and the extraordinary processes that shape our existence.

 

Copyright 2024 Michael Stephen Wills All Rights Reserved

A Raft of Coots on Merritt Island

Discover the elegance of the American Coot through our journey at Merritt Island, where these unsung avians dance across the water, crafting nature’s own symphony of survival and grace.

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First Glimpse

There we were, Pam and I, standing before the serene waters of the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, when a cluster of American Coots (Fulica americana) caught our eyes. Locally known as mud hens, marsh hens, or pond ducks, these coots were anything but mundane. Their dark plumage blended with the ripples, while their ivory bills gleamed like beacons, leading our gaze across the liquid expanse.

 

 

The Coot’s Constellation

As a throng, they moved with purposeful grace, a constellation of birds, each a star in their own right. With lobed toes spread like aquatic fans, they paddled through the water, their movements an embodiment of nature’s ingenuity. These “poule d’eau,” as the French settlers once called them, displayed a mastery over their domain, both in water and on land.

Social Weave

 

A Raft of American Coots

The coots assembled not as a random flock but as a deliberate collective, a raft in both name and function. They maneuvered with a collective intelligence, each bird’s action rippling through the group, exemplifying the coots’ penchant for community. Their group dynamics, a blend of cooperation and competition, painted a picture of the delicate balance within ecosystems.

An Ecological Perspective

In the tapestry of the refuge’s ecology, the American Coot stitched its niche with precision. Whether known as “baldpate” or “crow duck,” these birds were critical to the habitat they frequented, acting as both consumers and contributors. They pruned the vegetation, controlling its growth, and served as prey, connecting the food web in a cycle that spanned generations.


The Taxonomic Twist: Coots vs. Ducks

As the coots continued their ballet on the water, I turned to Pam, ready to demystify the common misconception that coots and ducks are close relatives. “Though they share the wetland stage,” I began, “these two are cast in different roles by nature’s hand.”

Orders Apart

Coots are members of the order Gruiformes, which includes rails and cranes, characterized by their elongated bodies and short wings. Ducks, on the other hand, belong to the order Anseriformes, which also encompasses swans and geese, known for their broad, flat bills and webbed feet.

Distinct Lineages

This taxonomic separation marks a deep evolutionary divide. The Gruiformes, with their lobed toes and distinctive calls, represent a lineage adapted for a life traversing the marshy edges of the world. Anseriformes, with their specialized bills for filtering and dabbling, reveal a lineage fine-tuned for exploiting the aquatic resources more extensively.

The Cultural Mosaic

Despite their commonality, coots have etched a place in cultural folklore, often overshadowed by more colorful avian neighbors. Yet, their ubiquity across North American wetlands has made them a familiar sight, a symbol of the wild’s persistent pulse. To us, they were the embodiment of the unsung wilderness, a chapter in the storybook of natural history.

Embracing the Ensemble

As the day waned, the water transformed into a canvas of orange and purple hues, with the coots as its subjects. “Behold the marsh’s musicians,” I mused to Pam, “each note they play is a beat in the heart of the wild.” Our encounter with the American Coot—a bird of many names but one singular, remarkable essence—was a harmonious reminder of nature’s interconnected ballet.

 

Copyright 2024 Michael Stephen Wills All Rights Reserved

A Beachcomber’s Musings on Floridian Dune Ecology

Discover the resilient beauty of Florida’s dune sunflowers through the eyes of a beachcomber. Uncover the secrets of Helianthus debilis, a symbol of hope thriving where sea meets sand. Join the coastal dance of life.

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Encounter with Helianthus debilis


Strolling along the beachfront of Patrick Space Force Base, Florida, my gaze is captivated by a cluster of dune sunflowers, or Helianthus debilis. These hardy perennials are native to the coastal sand dunes of the southeastern United States and have made a home amidst the sandy grains where few dare to take root.

The Sunflower’s Domain


Helianthus debilis, distinguished by its large, yellow ray florets and dark center disks, thrives in this challenging environment. The dunes provide a unique ecosystem, where the sunflowers can withstand high salinity, shifting sands, and the full force of the sun’s rays. Their deep root systems anchor the sandy soil, helping to prevent erosion and maintain the integrity of the dune landscape.

Adaptation and Survival


The dune sunflower’s adaptation to its coastal environment is a marvel of nature. Its silvery-green leaves are covered with tiny hairs, reflecting sunlight and conserving moisture. The flowers bloom throughout the year, ensuring a constant presence of color along the dunes. Their hardiness is a testament to the sunflower’s evolutionary success in a habitat where freshwater is scarce and the soil is nutrient-poor.

A Native’s Role in the Ecosystem


As a native species, the dune sunflower plays a crucial role in the coastal ecosystem. It serves as a food source for local wildlife, including insects and birds, and its presence helps stabilize dune formations. The ecological value of Helianthus debilis extends beyond its beauty, as it contributes to the biodiversity and resilience of the coastal dunes.

The Dynamics of Dune Life


The life of a dune sunflower is inextricably linked to the ebb and flow of the coastal environment. Each plant is a microhabitat, supporting a range of organisms from the larvae of the dune butterfly to the burrowing beetles that find refuge in the sand. The interaction between the sunflowers and these creatures creates a dynamic web of life, each species depending on the others for survival.

Reflections on Resilience


The dune sunflower’s ability to flourish in such an austere environment is a profound reminder of the resilience of nature. As I observe the sunflowers, I am struck by their tenacity, their willingness to face the elements head-on. They are a beacon of life in a place where existence is a daily challenge, and their perseverance is a lesson in the art of endurance.

Conclusion: A Testament to Nature’s Ingenuity


As the sun begins to set, casting a warm glow over the dunes, I take a final look at the Helianthus debilis. Their scientific wonders and ecological im portance leave a lasting impression. They are not just flowers; they are a testament to nature’s ingenuity, an embodiment of the delicate balance between life and the environment. These dune sunflowers are a symbol of hope, a reminder that in the face of adversity, life finds a way to not just survive, but to thrive.

 

Copyright 2024 Michael Stephen Wills All Rights Reserved

The Impermanence of Human Constructs and the Forces of Nature

Discover the fleeting artistry of sand castles and the mighty forces of tides sculpted by the moon’s dance. Explore the impermanent intersection of human endeavor and nature’s rhythm.

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Introduction


The photographs of a sand castle at Cocoa Beach, Florida, present a clear depiction of the transitory nature of human-made structures in the face of natural forces. This discourse will explore the before and after states of a sand castle through high tide, examining the interplay between human endeavors, the tides influenced by the moon’s phases, and the inevitable passage of time.

The Sand Castle: A Testament to Human Creativity


The initial photograph captures a sand castle in its pristine condition, with detailed turrets, walls, and the decorative placement of shells. This creation is a testament to human creativity, ingenuity, and the desire to imprint our presence on the natural world. Sand castles, often built by children or families, represent the joy of craftsmanship and temporary beauty.

Tides and the Moon: Celestial Influence on Earth’s Waters


Tides are long-period waves that move through the oceans in response to the gravitational pull exerted by the moon and sun. The gravitational forces of these celestial bodies generate tidal forces, which cause Earth—and its water—to bulge out on the side closest to the moon and the side directly opposite. This bulging of water results in high tides.

The moon’s phases, from new moon to full moon and back, play a crucial role in the magnitude of tides. During the full moon and new moon—times known as spring tides—the sun, moon, and Earth form a line, resulting in the combined gravitational pull of the moon and sun, causing higher than average tides. In contrast, during the first and third quarters of the moon, or neap tides, the sun and moon are at right angles to each other, which moderates the tidal effect.

The High Tide: Reclaiming and Reshaping


The second photograph shows the aftermath of a high tide on the sand castle. The rising water has eroded the structure, diminishing its form and washing away its distinct features. The tide does not discriminate in its impact; it is a natural, cyclic event that reshapes coastlines and affects human and ecological systems alike. The high tide symbolizes nature’s reclaiming of human-made imprints, demonstrating the impermanence of our works against the relentless forces of nature.

Passing Time: The Ultimate Sculptor


Time is the ultimate sculptor, working incessantly through agents like wind, water, and biological processes. The eroded sand castle in the second photograph is a reminder of the ephemeral nature of all things. The structures we build, no matter how strong or well-designed, are subject to decay and dissolution over time. The sand castle’s fleeting existence underscores the concept that time, coupled with natural forces, will eventually return human creations back to their elemental forms.

Conclusion


The before and after states of the sand castle serve as a poignant illustration of the dialogue between human endeavors and the immutable forces of nature. While the tides, governed by the moon’s gravitational pull, are predictable, their effects are a constant reminder of the transient nature of human constructs in the grand scheme of time and nature’s cycles. As we appreciate the beauty of temporary creations like sand castles, we also learn to respect the power of the natural world and the passage of time that shapes our existence.

Whispers in the Mist: A Space Coast Dawn

Embark on a serene journey through a fog-enshrouded Cocoa Beach at dawn. Feel the mystique of Florida’s Space Coast in this introspective walk captured in poignant blank verse.

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Upon Cocoa Beach, in morning’s gentle embrace,
The world lies shrouded in a silken fog’s lace.
Soft sands whisper ‘neath my solitary feet,
As dawn’s quietude and ocean’s breath meet.

The sky, a canvas of muted grey,
A prelude to the coming of day.
The air, cool and moist upon my skin,
A tender caress, a whispering kin.

The steeple rises, a ghostly spire,
Amidst the mist, it stands, silent and dire.
Palm trees sway with a rhythmic grace,
In this hazy realm, time slows its pace.

 

A hammock hangs, still and forlorn,
Awaiting the laughter of a day reborn.
Houses peek, their outlines blurred,
In this soft world, all is unstirred.

The sea’s soft roar, a distant sound,
A symphony in the fog, profound.
I walk, and my thoughts begin to roam,
In this misty morning, I find a home.

The light grows, a gradual birth,
As the sun climbs to illuminate the earth.
The fog begins to lift, to rise,
Revealing the awakening of the skies.

 

Yet, in this moment, I am alone,
A soul adrift in a world of its own.
Here, where space and time coast,
I am but a specter, a fleeting ghost.

 

Copyright 2024 Michael Stephen Wills All Rights Reserved

Between Dunes and Discovery: Embracing History at Kennedy Space Center

Explore Cape Canaveral National Seashore and Kennedy Space Center with us, where pristine beaches meet the legacy of human space exploration, and feel the awe of standing where history was made.

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A Journey Through Time and Space: Our Visit to Cape Canaveral National Seashore and Kennedy Space Center

As we arrived at the pristine shores of Playalinda Beach within the Canaveral National Seashore, the gentle whisper of waves against the shoreline beckoned us. The sun kissed the horizon, casting a warm glow across the 24 miles of untouched, protected coastline that lay before us. Here, on the east coast of Florida, where crystal-blue waters embrace the shell-laden sands, we found ourselves at the intersection of natural beauty and human achievement.

 

Shell of the Moon Snail (Naticidae) found in the surf wash.

 

The Serenity of Playalinda

We strode along the boardwalk, passing through dunes adorned with sea oats, to find our spot upon the soft sands of Playalinda. The beach, known for its tranquility and the chance to observe a vibrant array of wildlife, offered us a moment of peace. With no distractions—no concessions, no showers, just nature—we were able to disconnect from the world and reconnect with the earth. From our vantage point, the Merritt Island Wildlife Refuge across the water was a haven for migrating birds, dolphins, and, with some luck and the right season, sea turtles nest on the beach itself.

 

Witness to History: The Apollo 11 Legacy

But it wasn’t just the natural allure that drew us here. Playalinda holds a unique position, offering an unobstructed view of the historic launch pads of Kennedy Space Center, where Apollo 11 began its monumental journey to the Moon. As we walked south towards the fence bordering the Space Center, the anticipation built within us. Here, we were tracing the footsteps of giants, those brave astronauts who dared to venture into the unknown.

 

 

The Vistas of Exploration

Each step brought us closer to the site where humanity took one of its most significant leaps. Gazing upon the launch complex from the fence, we were reminded of the powerful forces harnessed to break the bonds of gravity. Imagining the roar of the engines, the earth-shaking vibrations, and the fiery ascent of the Saturn V rocket, we felt a deep connection to the past and a sense of awe for the pioneering spirit that propelled us into a new era of exploration.

Reflections Amidst the Dunes

As we wandered back along the beach, the foam of the ocean’s edge lapping at our feet, we reflected on the duality of our surroundings. Here, in this place of quiet solitude, we also stood at the forefront of human innovation and ambition. The juxtaposition of the peaceful beach with the technological marvels just a stone’s throw away was not lost on us.

 

Our journey to the Cape Canaveral National Seashore and the Kennedy Space Center fence was more than just a visit to a beach or a historic site; it was a pilgrimage to a place where dreams materialize and reach for the stars. It was here that we came to understand the full spectrum of emotions that accompany great achievements—the hope, the fear, the triumph.

 

Conclusion

Our visit to the Cape Canaveral National Seashore and the Kennedy Space Center was an experience that will linger in our memories for years to come. It was a reminder of what we can achieve when we are united by a common goal, and it filled us with pride and optimism for the future. As we looked back one last time, the setting sun seemed to whisper a promise of the wonders yet to come, both here on the shores of Playalinda and in the vast expanse of space that awaits us.

 

Copyright 2024 Michael Stephen Wills All Rights Reserved

The Tam o’ Shanter of the Sea: A Scotch Bonnet’s Tale

Amidst the golden dawn at Cocoa Beach, a rare treasure emerged from the high tide’s embrace—a Scotch Bonnet shell. Discover its journey from the ocean’s depths to a beachcomber’s palm, and unravel the tales of marine life woven into its striking tartan pattern in this captivating story.

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Dawn’s Gift: A Beachcomber’s Tale


As the first light of dawn stretched its golden fingers across the horizon, I made my way down the familiar path to Cocoa Beach. It was an early January morning, and the air was crisp, with a hint of salt carried on the gentle breeze. The tide was high, giving the beach an intimate feel, as if the ocean itself was reaching out to share its secrets.

I’ve always found beachcombing to be a meditative experience, but today’s stroll was particularly enchanting. The beach was deserted, save for the scuttling sandpipers searching for their breakfast. The rhythmic crash of the waves provided a soothing soundtrack to my thoughts. As I walked, my eyes scanned the shoreline, seeking treasures among the flotsam of the sea.

A Striped Treasure Unveiled


And then, I saw it—a distinctive shell caught between the ebb and flow of the waves. Its bold pattern and unique shape were unmistakable even from a distance. I quickened my pace, eager to claim my prize before the sea could reclaim it. As I picked it up, water cascading off its curved surface, I marveled at the beauty in my hand: a Scotch Bonnet shell, a rarity to behold, especially here in Florida.

The Allure of the Scotch Bonnet


The Scotch Bonnet, named for its resemblance to the traditional Scottish tam o’ shanter hat, is a shell as fascinating as it is beautiful. Its scientific name, Phalium granulatum, speaks to the granulated texture that adorns its exterior. In my hand lay a symphony of creamy white and tan, with bold, brownish squares that resembled a carefully woven tartan. It was a mature specimen, its wide aperture and thickened outer lip suggesting it had lived a full life before arriving at my feet.

 

 

A Journey Through Nature’s Cycle


Fascinated by my find, I visited the Brevard County Museum of Natural History later that day. There, I learned that the Scotch Bonnet is more than just a pretty shell—it’s the former home of a gastropod, a creature that once crawled along the ocean floor of the Atlantic, from North Carolina to Brazil. These mollusks begin life as tiny larvae, floating in the currents until they grow large enough to settle on the seabed. They feast on sea stars, their radula—a toothy tongue—scraping their prey into digestible pieces.

The Scotch Bonnet’s predators are as varied as the ocean itself, from fish to other sea snails that prey upon the young or unsuspecting. Yet, the shell’s thick construction provides a sturdy defense, a fortress that serves its inhabitant well during its life.

Death Gives Life


The end of the Scotch Bonnet’s life cycle often provides a beginning for others. After death, the empty shell becomes a sought-after real estate for hermit crabs and a canvas for encrusting organisms like barnacles. It’s a reminder of the interconnectedness of the marine ecosystem, where even in death, life flourishes.

In the quiet of the museum, I reflected on the journey of the shell in my pocket. It was not just a Scotch Bonnet; it was a chronicle of survival, adaptation, and ecological significance. It was a legacy of the ocean’s depth and a symbol of life’s tenacity.

The Scotch Bonnet: A Symbol of Coastal Beauty


As I left the museum, I thought about the Scotch Bonnet’s significance to beachcombers and collectors. Its scarcity makes it a coveted find, a gem among shells. To hold one is to touch a piece of the ocean’s mystery, to connect with a world that is often beyond our reach.

That January morning on Cocoa Beach, the high tide had gifted me a treasure. But it wasn’t just the discovery of the Scotch Bonnet that was precious—it was the reminder that beauty and wonder can be found in the smallest of ocean’s offerings. Every shell has a story, a past woven into the fabric of the marine world. And as I pocketed my find, I carried with me not just a shell, but the echoes of an underwater tapestry, rich and alive, just waiting to be discovered.

 

Copyright 2024 Michael Stephen Wills All Rights Reserved

A January Encounter with a Moon Jellyfish

Walk with me through a narrative as translucent as the Moon Jellyfish itself, revealing the hidden connections between us and the vast ocean’s enigmatic creatures.

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Initial Encounter


It was a cool January morning, and the southern winds were brisk as they tousled my sparse hair. I had made my way along Cocoa Beach, a place I often find solace in the rhythmic dance of the waves. Today, however, the ocean had a different story to tell. As I walked along the shore, my gaze fell upon a peculiar sight—a translucent, almost ethereal creature lay motionless on the sand. It was a Moon Jellyfish, or as scientists call it, Aurelia aurita.

 

 

The gelatinous being had been cast out by the unforgiving sea, its pinkish hue a stark contrast against the dull sands. This wasn’t an uncommon sight, as these creatures often end up on beaches due to wind patterns and water currents. But there was something about this particular Moon Jellyfish that captivated me. Perhaps it was the way it shimmered in the morning light, or how it seemed so peaceful, so out of place, yet exactly where it was meant to be.

Ecological Significance


I knew that the Moon Jellyfish played a crucial role in the marine ecosystem. These cnidarians are not just beautiful drifters; they are a vital part of the ocean’s food web. Small fish and other marine organisms often find shelter among the Moon Jellyfish’s tentacles, escaping predators and finding nourishment in the plankton caught by their host. In turn, the Moon Jellyfish themselves are prey to a variety of larger species, including sea turtles and certain birds.

Seeing the jellyfish on the shore, I contemplated the fragility of this balance. A change in wind direction, a shift in temperature, or human interference could easily disrupt this delicate ecological dance. It was a stark reminder of the interconnectedness of life and the responsibility we hold in preserving these intricate relationships.

Biological Wonders


The biology of the Moon Jellyfish is as fascinating as its role in the ecosystem. They are composed mainly of water, with a body that includes a bell-shaped top called the medusa, and short tentacles that hang below. These tentacles contain stinging cells known as cnidocytes, which they use to capture their prey—mainly tiny plankton.

As I observed the jellyfish before me, I couldn’t help but marvel at its simplicity and complexity. The Moon Jellyfish has a basic nervous system and lacks a traditional brain, heart, and blood. Yet, it thrives in the vast and challenging environment of the ocean. Its lifecycle, too, is a wonder, beginning as a polyp anchored to the seafloor, then transforming into the free-floating medusa I saw on the beach.

A Reflection on Nature and Humanity


The Moon Jellyfish’s unexpected presence on Cocoa Beach prompted a deeper reflection on nature’s course and our place within it. This creature, which had drifted with the currents and tides, led me to ponder the currents of our own lives. How often do we find ourselves washed ashore by the winds of change, feeling out of place, yet precisely where we’re meant to be?

In that moment, I understood that we, too, are like the Moon Jellyfish in many ways—adaptable, resilient, and part of a larger whole. We float through life, sometimes at the mercy of forces beyond our control, yet we possess the innate ability to navigate our environment and survive.

As I left the beach that day, the image of the Moon Jellyfish imprinted in my mind, I felt a newfound respect for these delicate yet durable denizens of the deep. The Moon Jellyfish, washed up by a southern wind onto Cocoa Beach, served as a silent teacher, reminding me of the beauty and fragility of life, the importance of our ecosystems, and the subtle threads that connect us all.

 

Copyright 2024 Michael Stephen Wills All Rights Reserved

Honor the Day

Morning’s first blush stirs,
Horizon whispers in gold
Day’s ancient new song.

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Handheld Sailboard

catching the wind

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A week after Rough Surf pounded Cocoa Beach a north wind was up, I set out on a long beach walk. Our plan was to meet at Cheri Down Park, Pam driving up with lunch.

After I emerged from under the Cocoa Beach pier, I spotted this sailboarder. At first it was the handheld sail that caught my attention, enough to capture this video. Watching the recording, I see his board is equipped with a hydrofoil. He is about a foot above the water.

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This rider has nothing on the Man O’War, of the post header image. Click this link to visit “Man O’War Beach Walk” on my blog.

Copyright 2024 All Right Reserved Michael Stephen Wills Photograph