Category: New York State Parks

Reflections on Hawkweed: A Meditative Journey Along Buttermilk Creek

Discover the enchanting hawkweed along Buttermilk Creek’s path. Explore its vibrant yellow blooms, unique reproduction, and rich folklore in our latest nature essay. Dive into the captivating world of this resilient wildflower!

MichaelStephenWills4 Comments


Walking along the path that climbs from the lower park into the gorge of Buttermilk Creek, I am drawn to the vibrant splash of yellow that punctuates the verdant green and shale, limestone of the path. Here I encounter the humble yet striking hawkweed (Hieracium spp.). These yellow flowers, seemingly modest in their simplicity, invite me into a deeper contemplation of nature’s intricacies.

A Closer Look

The hawkweed’s leaves form a basal rosette, their slightly toothed edges and hairy surface distinguishing them from other woodland plants. The leaves are a deep green, the tiny hairs catching the sunlight, giving them a silvery sheen. From this rosette emerges an erect stem, slender and bristling with fine hairs, reaching upwards to support the flower heads. The stems stand tall, bearing clusters of small, dandelion-like flowers that open into a cheerful yellow bloom.

These Hawkweed grow profusely along the climb along Buttermilk Creek and into the gorge. Buttermilk Falls Park, Ithaca, Tompkins County, New York State. Finger Lakes Region

Each flower head consists of numerous tiny florets, collectively forming a radiant disc. The petals are intricately fringed, almost feathery, a delicate contrast to the sturdy stem that holds them aloft. This contrast is a reminder of the balance in nature—strength and fragility coexisting in harmony.

Relationship and Reproduction

Hawkweeds belong to the Asteraceae family, sharing familial ties with daisies and dandelions. Despite their visual similarity to dandelions, hawkweeds possess unique reproductive strategies. They are known for their ability to reproduce asexually through a process called apomixis. This means that the seeds produced by hawkweed are genetically identical to the parent plant. In a grouping of hawkweeds, what appears to be a diverse collection of individuals may, in fact, be clones of a single genetic ancestor.

This method of reproduction ensures the rapid spread and establishment of hawkweed populations, a survival strategy that has both fascinated and frustrated botanists and gardeners alike. While this cloning capability allows hawkweeds to thrive in various environments, it also poses a challenge for those trying to control their spread.

Etymology and Origins

The genus name “Hieracium” is derived from the Greek word “hierax,” meaning hawk. According to ancient lore, hawks were believed to consume the sap of this plant to sharpen their vision. This mythological connection to hawks underscores the plant’s perceived potency and its storied place in folklore.

Hawkweed is not native to the Finger Lakes region but was introduced from Europe. Despite its non-native status, it has adapted well to the local environment, often found in meadows, along roadsides, and within open woodlands. Its ability to colonize disturbed areas has enabled it to become a common sight across the landscape.

Historical Uses and Lore

Throughout history, hawkweed has been used for various medicinal purposes. Traditional herbalists valued it for its purported benefits in treating respiratory ailments, digestive issues, and skin conditions. The plant was often brewed into teas or concoctions believed to have diuretic and astringent properties. Some cultures also used hawkweed as a charm against evil spirits, further embedding it in the tapestry of folklore and superstition.

In medieval times, hawkweed was sometimes used in love potions and to enhance psychic abilities. Its association with hawks and keen vision lent itself to these mystical uses, as people sought to harness the plant’s reputed powers for their own needs.

A Contemplative Pause

As I stand on the path, surrounded by the quiet beauty of Buttermilk Creek, I reflect on the hawkweed before me. This unassuming plant, with its bright flowers and tenacious growth, embodies resilience and adaptability. It thrives in the cracks and crevices of the rocky soil, a testament to nature’s relentless drive to flourish even in the most challenging conditions.

The hawkweed’s ability to clone itself, creating vast networks of genetically identical plants, speaks to the interconnectedness of life. Each plant is a reflection of its predecessors, a living link in the chain of existence. This genetic continuity is a reminder of the ways in which life persists and propagates, ensuring survival through the ages.

I found this growing along the South Rim Trail of Taughannock Falls Park during a Fathers Day Walk, June 16, 2024.Picris hieracioides, or hawkweed oxtongue, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. Invasive Species Hawkweed Oxtongue is considered an invasive species in North America because it has the ability to outcompete native plants, reduce biodiversity, and alter ecosystems. The plant spreads rapidly and can form dense monocultures, making it difficult for other plants to grow. Additionally, Hawkweed Oxtongue produces a chemical that inhibits the growth of other plants, further contributing to its invasive nature. Control and Management The control and management of Hawkweed Oxtongue can be challenging. The plant has a deep taproot that makes it difficult to remove by hand, and it can regrow from small root fragments left in the soil. Herbicides can be effective in controlling the plant, but they can also harm other plants in the area. The best approach to managing Hawkweed Oxtongue is to prevent its spread by avoiding the movement of soil or plant material that may contain seeds or root fragments. Uses Despite its invasive nature, Hawkweed Oxtongue has some traditional medicinal uses. The plant contains compounds that have been used to treat digestive problems, skin conditions, and respiratory issues. However, the use of this plant for medicinal purposes is not recommended due to the potential for toxicity. In conclusion, Hawkweed Oxtongue is an invasive species that has the potential to cause significant ecological damage. It is important to prevent the spread of this plant and to take measures to control its growth where it has already become established. While it has some traditional medicinal uses, the potential for toxicity means that it should not be used for this purpose. Text taken from http://www.wildflowerweb.co.uk/plant/2453/hawkweed-oxtongue

In the stillness of the gorge, I find a sense of peace and connection. The hawkweed, with its storied past and practical resilience, offers a lesson in simplicity and strength. It reminds me that beauty often lies in the small, overlooked details of the natural world, and that every plant, every flower, has a story worth discovering.

As I continue my journey along Buttermilk Creek, the hawkweed’s bright blooms remain a vivid memory, a symbol of the enduring spirit of nature.

Copyright 2024 Michael Stephen Wills All Rights Reserved

The Wonder of Penstemon hirsutus in Treman Gorge

Discover the enchanting Hairy Beardtongue nestled in Treman Gorge. Learn about its striking lavender blooms, unique adaptations, and fascinating history in our latest nature exploration. Dive into the beauty of Penstemon hirsutus!

MichaelStephenWills5 Comments

On a sunny day at the end of May 2024, I embarked on one of my cherished walks through Robert H. Treman Park, located in the heart of Ithaca, New York. The park, with its stunning gorges and waterfalls, never ceases to amaze me with its natural beauty and diverse plant life. This time, my exploration led me to a delightful discovery along the south-facing walls of Treman Gorge: Penstemon hirsutus, commonly known as the Hairy Beardtongue.

As I navigated the rocky terrain, my attention was caught by a cluster of delicate, tubular flowers emerging from the crevices of the gorge walls. Their soft lavender hues stood out against the rugged backdrop of moss-covered rocks and shale. Upon closer inspection, I noticed the characteristic hairy stems and leaves, confirming that I had indeed found Penstemon hirsutus.

Penstemon hirsutus is a perennial herbaceous plant native to eastern North America. It typically reaches a height of 1 to 3 feet, with erect stems covered in fine hairs. The leaves are lanceolate, arranged oppositely along the stem, and also bear a slight fuzziness. The flowers, which bloom from late spring to early summer, are tubular and two-lipped, resembling a small beard—a feature that likely inspired the common name “Beardtongue.” Each flower is about 1 to 1.5 inches long, with a delicate lavender color that fades to white at the throat.

The genus name “Penstemon” is derived from the Greek words “pente,” meaning five, and “stemon,” meaning stamen, referring to the plant’s five stamens—four fertile and one sterile, the latter often appearing as a small, hairy tongue within the flower. The species name “hirsutus” comes from Latin, meaning hairy, a nod to the plant’s hirsute stems and leaves.

The Hairy Beardtongue thrives in well-drained soils and can often be found in rocky, open woodlands, meadows, and along cliffs—exactly the kind of environment provided by Treman Gorge. This plant is well-adapted to the microhabitats created by the gorge’s south-facing walls, where sunlight and moisture create ideal growing conditions. The rock walls not only offer physical support but also help retain heat and moisture, creating a microclimate that supports a variety of plant species.

Historically, Penstemon hirsutus and its relatives have been valued for their ornamental beauty and ecological benefits. The flowers attract a variety of pollinators, including bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds, making them an important component of the local ecosystem. Native Americans also recognized the medicinal properties of some Penstemon species, using them to treat ailments such as toothaches, sore throats, and respiratory issues.

In recent times, gardeners and horticulturists have come to appreciate Penstemon hirsutus for its hardiness and low maintenance requirements. It is often used in native plant gardens, rock gardens, and naturalized areas to add a touch of wild beauty. The plant’s ability to thrive in poor soils and its resistance to deer browsing make it a valuable addition to any garden aiming to support local wildlife and biodiversity.

Finding the Hairy Beardtongue in Treman Gorge was a moment of pure joy and wonder. It reminded me of the resilience and adaptability of nature, as this delicate yet sturdy plant has carved out a niche for itself in the rocky walls of the gorge. The sight of its soft lavender blooms swaying gently in the breeze was a testament to the beauty and tenacity of life in even the most rugged environments.

As I continued my hike, I felt a renewed sense of connection to the natural world. The discovery of Penstemon hirsutus was not just a botanical find but a reminder of the intricate and interconnected web of life that thrives in Treman Gorge. Each plant, each flower, has a story to tell—a story of survival, adaptation, and beauty that enriches our understanding of the natural world and our place within it.

Copyright 2024 Michael Stephen Wills All Rights Reserved

The Joy of Adventure at Treetops

Join us as we explore the enchanting “Treetops” treehouse at Cayuga Nature Center. Discover the joy of hide and seek, and the magic of nature, through the eyes of my grandsons on a serene Sunday morning.

MichaelStephenWills12 Comments

The air was crisp and cool as I strolled hand in hand with my grandsons, Sam and Rory, through the vibrant greens of the Cayuga Nature Center. The leaves rustled gently in the Sunday morning breeze, their whispers the only company we had. It was a quiet, serene moment, with no one else around, and the boys’ excitement was palpable as they chattered about their previous visits.

“Grandpa, do you remember this place?” Sam asked, his eyes twinkling with anticipation. Rory, not to be outdone, chimed in, “We have to show you the treehouse! It’s the best part!”

Their enthusiasm was infectious, and I found myself eager to see this magical place they spoke of. We followed a winding path, each step bringing us deeper into the lush woodland, until at last, the imposing structure of the “Treetops” treehouse came into view. It stood tall and mysterious; an intricate wooden edifice cloaked in the verdant embrace of the forest.

The treehouse was a marvel, its towering form constructed of twisted branches and sturdy planks, blending seamlessly with the natural surroundings. A wooden bridge led up to the entrance, and as we approached, the boys’ pace quickened.

“Let’s play hide and seek!” Rory suggested, his voice echoing with excitement. Sam nodded vigorously, already darting towards the treehouse entrance. “You count, Grandpa!” he called over his shoulder.

I began counting aloud, my voice mingling with the sounds of nature—the chirping of birds, the gentle rustle of leaves. When I reached twenty, I opened my eyes to find the boys had disappeared into the labyrinth of the treehouse. I stepped inside, the cool shade a welcome respite from the sun’s gentle warmth.

The interior was a maze of hidden nooks and winding staircases, each turn revealing a new secret. I could hear the faint giggles of the boys as they tried to stifle their laughter. The treehouse was alive with the echoes of their joy, each sound bouncing off the wooden walls like a symphony of childhood exuberance.

As I navigated the winding paths, I couldn’t help but marvel at the intricate details of the structure. The signs scattered throughout added an educational touch, detailing the lives of the birds and spiders that called this place home. One sign, titled “A Place For Everyone,” explained how each bird species had its niche, much like the boys had found their hiding spots.

“Found you!” I called out, spotting Sam’s bright red shirt from behind a wooden beam. He laughed and dashed off, his footsteps a rhythmic drumbeat on the wooden floor. Rory was next, his giggles giving away his hiding spot behind a thick cluster of branches.

We continued our game, the treehouse transforming into a magical playground where time seemed to stand still. The boys’ laughter filled the air, mingling with the natural symphony of the forest. We explored every corner, from the highest platform with its breathtaking view of the surrounding forest to the dark, cozy nooks perfect for hiding.

Phillips Falls is a picturesque waterfall located on Comstock Creek in view of the Treetops treehouse within the Cayuga Nature Center in Ithaca, New York. The falls are a highlight of the Nature Center, offering visitors a scenic and tranquil spot to enjoy the natural beauty of the area. The waterfall is accessible via the nature trails that wind through the Center’s diverse landscapes, including forests and meadows. Here are a few key points about Phillips Falls: Scenic Beauty: Phillips Falls is known for its serene and beautiful setting, making it a popular spot for nature enthusiasts, hikers, and photographers. Hiking Trails: The falls can be reached by hiking trails within the Cayuga Nature Center. The trails vary in difficulty, providing options for different levels of hikers. Educational Programs: The Cayuga Nature Center often includes Phillips Falls in its educational programs and guided tours, focusing on the ecology and geology of the area. Wildlife Habitat: The area around Phillips Falls is home to a variety of wildlife, making it a great spot for birdwatching and observing other animals in their natural habitat. Seasonal Changes: The appearance and flow of the waterfall can change with the seasons, offering a different experience for visitors throughout the year. Overall, Phillips Falls is a cherished natural feature of the Cayuga Nature Center, providing both a peaceful retreat and an educational experience for visitors.

After our game, we stood on the bridge, looking out over the creek below. The water sparkled in the sunlight, a serene contrast to our playful morning. “This place is amazing,” I said, turning to the boys. They nodded, their faces flushed with happiness.

“We love coming here,” Sam said. “It’s like a secret world.”

Rory nodded in agreement. “And now you know our secret too, Grandpa.”

As we made our way back down the path, I felt a deep sense of gratitude for this moment, for the chance to share in the boys’ joy and to see the world through their eyes. The “Treetops” treehouse had not only been a place of play but also a bridge between generations, a testament to the simple, timeless pleasures of exploring nature together.

Phillips Falls on Comstock Creek, seen from Treetops

Copyright 2024 Michael Stephen Wills All Rights Reserved

Forest Gems – The Natural History and Lore of Hepatica

Join us on a journey through the enchanting forests of the Finger Lakes as we explore the fascinating world of Hepatica nobilis. Discover the lore, natural history, and beauty of these early spring bloomers. Dive into the magic of the wild!

MichaelStephenWills9 Comments

As I ventured along the Gorge Trail of Robert H. Treman New York State Park, I stumbled upon a captivating sight. Amidst the rich leaf litter and emerging greenery, clusters of Hepatica plants caught my eye. Although the flowers had already gone to seed, their distinctive leaves and stems told a story of early spring beauty in the heart of the Finger Lakes Region, Tompkins County. Using my Apple iPhone 14 ProMax, I documented these charming plants, eager to delve deeper into their fascinating world.

Hepatica, scientifically known as Hepatica nobilis, also goes by several common names including Liverleaf, Liverwort, and Kidneywort. The genus name “Hepatica” comes from the Greek word “hepar,” meaning liver, due to the shape and color of its leaves, which resemble the lobes of a human liver. This resemblance led to the plant being used historically in herbal medicine to treat liver ailments, in line with the Doctrine of Signatures—a belief that plants resembling body parts could cure ailments of those parts.

Fillmore Glen New York State Park, Moravia, New York on an April afternoon.

The common names of Hepatica reflect its historical medicinal uses. “Liverleaf” and “Liverwort” both reference its liver-shaped leaves, while “Kidneywort” likely arose from the kidney-like appearance of its seeds. These names have endured through centuries, reflecting the plant’s significant role in both folklore and herbal medicine.

Hepatica is a perennial plant in the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae. It thrives in deciduous forests, often found in shaded areas with rich, well-drained soil. The plant is one of the first to bloom in early spring, producing delicate flowers in shades of white, pink, blue, or purple. By the time I encountered them on my hike, the flowers had already transitioned to seed, but the distinctive lobed leaves remained vibrant and lush.

Fillmore Glen New York State Park, Moravia, New York on an April afternoon.

Reproduction in Hepatica is primarily through seed, though the plant can also propagate vegetatively. The flowers are insect-pollinated, attracting early-season pollinators such as bees and flies. Once pollinated, the flowers produce seeds encased in small, fuzzy fruits. These seeds are often dispersed by ants, a process known as myrmecochory, which helps ensure the plant’s spread throughout the forest floor.

Native American tribes, including the Iroquois, valued Hepatica for its medicinal properties. They used the leaves to brew teas believed to treat liver disorders, digestive issues, and skin ailments. European settlers adopted similar practices, incorporating Hepatica into their own herbal remedies.

In European folklore, Hepatica was often associated with healing and protection. The plant was believed to ward off evil spirits and protect against various maladies. In the language of flowers, Hepatica symbolizes confidence and bravery, reflecting its early emergence in the harsh conditions of early spring.

Fillmore Glen New York State Park, Moravia, New York on an April afternoon.

Today, Hepatica continues to enchant nature enthusiasts and hikers with its early blooms and lush foliage. It plays a crucial role in the ecosystem, providing a vital source of nectar for early pollinators and contributing to the biodiversity of deciduous forests.

Walking through the gorge, I felt a deep connection to the natural history and cultural significance of Hepatica. The plant’s resilience and beauty, even in its seeding stage, served as a reminder of the enduring cycles of nature and the intricate relationships between plants, animals, and humans.

In conclusion, Hepatica nobilis, or Liverleaf, is a plant of remarkable beauty and historical significance. Its early spring blooms and distinctive leaves make it a cherished sight in the forests of the Finger Lakes. As I continued my hike, I felt a profound appreciation for the rich tapestry of life that Hepatica represents, a testament to the enduring wonders of nature.

Copyright 2024 Michael Stephen Wills All Rights Reserved

The Enchanting Sweet White Violets of Treman Gorge

Discover the enchanting Sweet White Violets (Viola blanda) in Treman Gorge. Join us as we explore their natural history, lore, and beauty in the heart of the Finger Lakes. Dive into the magic of spring time blooms!

MichaelStephenWills12 Comments

As I walked the Gorge Trail of Robert H. Treman New York State Park, my attention was captivated by a lush carpet of delicate white flowers nestled among the vibrant green foliage. These enchanting blooms, known as Viola blanda or Sweet White Violets, were a delightful sight against the backdrop of the rugged terrain of the Finger Lakes Region in Tompkins County. Armed with my trusty Apple iPhone 14 ProMax, I couldn’t resist capturing the moment.

Viola blanda, also known as Sweet White Violet or Pale Violet, derives its scientific name from Latin. “Viola” is the classical Latin name for violets, while “blanda” means charming or pleasant, an apt description for these delightful little plants. The name “Sweet White Violet” alludes to the delicate and sweet fragrance of its flowers, a scent that is often subtle but unmistakably pleasant when noticed.

Sweet White Violets are perennial plants, part of the Violaceae family, and are typically found in moist, wooded areas. They are one of the first wildflowers to bloom in spring, their pure white petals standing out amidst the fresh green growth of the forest floor. The leaves are heart-shaped with finely serrated edges, and they form a dense mat that can cover the ground in a verdant blanket.

The reproduction of Viola blanda is fascinating. These plants produce both cleistogamous and chasmogamous flowers. The chasmogamous flowers, which are the ones most of us are familiar with, are the showy, white blooms that open fully and are pollinated by insects. Cleistogamous flowers, on the other hand, do not open and are self-pollinating. This dual strategy ensures that the plant can reproduce even in the absence of pollinators, securing its presence in the ecosystem year after year.

Native Americans, particularly the Iroquois tribes whose region this included, held violets in high regard. They used the plant medicinally to treat colds, coughs, and headaches. The leaves were often brewed into a tea, believed to have soothing properties. European settlers, too, were fond of the violet. They would often use the leaves and flowers in salads and as a garnish, taking advantage of both its nutritional value and pleasant taste.

Interestingly, in folklore, violets were associated with love and were often used in love potions. The ancient Greeks believed that violets could moderate anger and induce sleep. In the language of flowers, which was particularly popular during the Victorian era, violets symbolized modesty and faithfulness.

In modern times, the Sweet White Violet continues to charm nature enthusiasts and hikers alike. It plays a crucial role in the ecosystem, providing early spring nectar for pollinators such as bees and butterflies. The plant also serves as a host for certain butterfly species, which lay their eggs on the leaves. As the caterpillars hatch, they feed on the leaves, continuing the cycle of life.

Walking through the gorge, I felt a profound connection to the natural world. The Sweet White Violet, with its humble beauty and rich history, served as a reminder of the intricate web of life that thrives in these woods. Each step on the trail was a journey through the park and a walk through time, connecting me to the countless generations who have walked these paths before me, enchanted by the same delicate flowers.

In conclusion, the Viola blanda, or Sweet White Violet, is more than just a pretty face in the forest. It is a plant steeped in history, folklore, and ecological importance. As I continued my hike, I felt grateful for the opportunity to witness such beauty firsthand and to share in the timeless joy that these charming plants bring to the world.

Copyright 2024 Michael Stephen Wills All Rights Reserved

Carex Plantaginea: A Hidden Gem in Treman Gorge

Venture into the shaded woods of Treman Gorge and discover the understated elegance of Carex plantaginea, or seersucker sedge. Explore its broad, textured leaves and uncover its place in nature’s tapestry. Read more!

MichaelStephenWills

Today I will start the practive of posting once a week, early Tuesday mornings.

As I made my way through Treman Gorge, the lush greenery and diverse plant life never ceased to amaze me. The trail led me to a lesser-known, but equally fascinating, plant that stood out amid the forest floor’s tapestry. This was Carex plantaginea, commonly known as plantainleaf sedge or seersucker sedge.

First Impressions

My attention was initially drawn to the broad, bright green leaves that resembled those of plantains, hence the common name “plantainleaf sedge.” The leaves were prominently veined and slightly wrinkled, reminiscent of seersucker fabric, giving the plant a unique texture. The scientific name, Carex plantaginea, aptly reflects this characteristic, with “plantaginea” referring to its plantain-like leaves.

Natural History and Habitat


Carex plantaginea is native to the deciduous forests of eastern North America. It thrives in the rich, moist soils found in these regions, making Treman Gorge an ideal habitat. The plant prefers shaded environments, often flourishing under the canopy of taller trees where it can take advantage of the dappled sunlight filtering through the leaves.

This perennial sedge is part of the larger Carex genus, which includes numerous species of sedges that are often found in wetlands and forest understories. Unlike some of its relatives, Carex plantaginea is more commonly found in upland areas, adding to the diversity of the forest floor.

Historical and Modern Uses


Historically, Native American tribes recognized the utility of various Carex species, though specific references to Carex plantaginea are scarce. Sedges were generally used for their fibrous leaves, which could be woven into mats, baskets, and other useful items. The broad leaves of Carex plantaginea would have been particularly suitable for such purposes.

In modern times, Carex plantaginea is appreciated more for its ornamental value. Gardeners and landscape designers often use it in shade gardens and woodland settings, where its striking foliage and low maintenance needs make it a popular choice. Its ability to thrive in shaded areas with moist soil conditions makes it an excellent ground cover for forested landscapes.

Capturing the Moment


I couldn’t resist photographing Carex plantaginea to capture its distinctive beauty. The Apple Iphone 14 ProMax image shows the plant nestled among the rich vegetation of Treman Gorge, its vibrant green leaves contrasting with the surrounding foliage. The wrinkled texture of the leaves is clearly visible, highlighting the plant’s unique appearance.

As I continued my exploration, I felt a sense of wonder and appreciation for the hidden gems that nature offers. Carex plantaginea, with its subtle beauty and ecological importance, is a reminder of the intricate connections within forest ecosystems. Discovering this plant added another layer of richness to my journey through Treman Gorge, deepening my understanding and appreciation of the natural world around me.

Copyright 2024 Michael Stephen Wills All Rights Reserved

Trillium: A Springtime Encounter

Discover the enchanting beauty and rich history of the Great White Trillium in Treman Gorge. Learn about its unique life cycle, medicinal uses, and the fascinating pink tints that emerge as these elegant flowers age. Read more!

MichaelStephenWills20 Comments

Walking through Treman Gorge in early May, I am always struck by the lush greenery that carpets the forest floor. The delicate ferns and emerging wildflowers create a tapestry of colors and textures. On this particular visit, my attention is drawn to a cluster of striking flowers that stand out against the verdant backdrop. These are the Trilliums, a genus known for their three-petaled blooms.

A Closer Look at Trillium grandiflorum


As I approach the flowers, I recognize them as Trillium grandiflorum, commonly known as the Great White Trillium. The species name “grandiflorum” aptly describes its large, showy flowers. Each blossom consists of three pure white petals that gently arch outward, giving the flower a graceful appearance. The petals are complemented by three green sepals and three broad leaves that form a whorl beneath the bloom.

Some flowers, in particular, catch my eye. They have a faint pink hue, the end of its blooming period approaches. This natural aging process transforms the white petals into a soft pink, adding another layer of beauty to these already stunning plants. This subtle pink tint is a sign of the flower’s progression through its lifecycle, a gentle reminder of the ever-changing nature of the forest.

The Natural History of Trilliums


Trillium grandiflorum is native to the deciduous forests of North America, thriving in the rich, moist soils found in areas like Treman Gorge. These perennial plants emerge in early spring, often before the tree canopy fully develops, taking advantage of the available sunlight.

Trilliums have a unique reproductive strategy known as myrmecochory. This means their seeds are dispersed by ants. The seeds have a fatty appendage called an elaiosome, which attracts ants. The ants carry the seeds back to their nests, consume the elaiosome, and discard the seed, effectively planting it in a nutrient-rich environment.

Historical and Modern Uses

Historically, another trillium species, Trillium erectum, held significance for both Native American tribes. Various parts of the plant were used for medicinal purposes. The roots, in particular, were valued for their astringent and antiseptic properties. They were used to treat wounds, inflammation, and other ailments. Some tribes referred to Trillium as “birthroot” because it was used to ease childbirth and labor pains.

European settlers also adopted these uses and incorporated Trillium into their herbal remedies. The roots were used to facilitate labor, manage menstrual disorders, and treat wounds and inflammations. Because of its association with childbirth and its perceived benefits in regulating menstrual cycles, the plant became widely known as “Bethroot.”​

In modern times, while the medicinal use of Trillium has waned, the plant is still admired for its beauty and ecological role. Conservation efforts are in place to protect wild populations of Trillium grandiflorum, as habitat loss and over-harvesting have threatened some local populations.

Capturing the Moment


Photographing these Trilliums is a delight. Using the Apple IPhone 14 ProMax I carefully frame each shot to capture the intricate details of the flowers. Macros reveal the delicate veins on the petals and the fine texture of the leaves. I developed the images in Adobe Lightroom to highlight the contrast between the white flowers and the lush green foliage. Some of the images beautifully capture the pink tints on the petals, showcasing the flower’s natural aging process and adding depth to their already stunning appearance.

Reflecting on the Experience


Encountering Trillium grandiflorum in full bloom is a profound experience. These flowers, with their simple yet elegant structure, embody the essence of spring’s renewal. They remind me of the intricate connections within ecosystems and the historical ties humans have to the natural world.

As I continue my walk through Treman Gorge, I carry with me a sense of gratitude for the opportunity to witness such beauty. The Trilliums, with their timeless grace and the gentle pink tints of their aging petals, have left an indelible mark on my heart. I look forward to returning each year to see these perennial wonders, knowing that each visit offers a chance to reconnect with nature’s enduring splendor.

Copyright 2024 Michael Stephen Wills All Rights Reserved

Floral Anchors: Early Saxifrage’s Survival Dance in Treman Gorge

Step into the serene realms of Robert H Treman State Park, where the Early Saxifrage blossoms amidst ancient stones, embodying resilience and the timeless beauty of nature’s persistence against all odds.

MichaelStephenWills

Ambling along the rugged Gorge Trail within the serene expanse of Robert H Treman State Park, my gaze is caught by the delicate clusters of Early Saxifrage (Micranthes virginiensis), formerly known as Saxifraga virginiensis. Nestled in nooks and crannies along the limestone-rich corridors, this resilient plant, also colloquially known as “Virginia saxifrage” or “rockfoil,” presents a mesmerizing spectacle against the moss-draped backdrop of the gorge’s ancient stones.

Early Saxifrage thrives in these modest crevices, its roots gripping tightly to the scant soil amidst the rocks, drawing nourishment from the most unlikely of places. The plant’s small, white star-like flowers blossom in dense clusters, creating a soft contrast against the rugged gray of weathered stone. The base of the plant, typically hidden, burgeons with rosettes of spoon-shaped leaves, which persist through the winter, ready to embrace the spring with vigor.

This plant not only captures the eye but also whispers tales of medicinal lore. Historically, Early Saxifrage has been utilized in folk medicine, primarily valued for its supposed efficacy in dissolving kidney stones—a testament to its name, “saxifrage,” which means “stone-breaker.” Though modern usage does not commonly reflect these ancient practices, the plant’s presence here speaks to the deep-rooted herbal knowledge passed down through generations.

As I tread lightly over the worn paths that weave through the gorge, the sight of Early Saxifrage serves as a poignant reminder of the park’s ecological tapestry. This flora, modest yet striking, symbolizes the tenacity of life, blooming splendidly in the stark environment it calls home. It is a beacon of endurance and beauty, inviting us to pause and appreciate the quieter, often overlooked wonders of nature.

In this corner of the Finger Lakes, where water and stone sculpt the landscape, Early Saxifrage flourishes. It stands as a testament to the persistence of the wild, a delicate yet resilient inhabitant of this storied terrain, weaving its subtle magic into the fabric of the gorge. Here, among the whispers of streams and the echoes of stone, it finds its place, a fragile star in the vast, enduring sky of green.

Copyright 2024 Michael Stephen Wills All Rights Reserved

From Myths to Medicine Unraveling the Tales of False Solomon’s Seal

Step into Treman Gorge and discover the enchanting world of False Solomon’s Seal. Unveil the myths, medicinal uses, and ecological wonders of Smilacina racemosa as it flourishes beneath the forest canopy.

MichaelStephenWills4 Comments

In the shaded woodland of Treman Gorge, near the tumbling waters of Lucifer Falls, the understory blooms with the intriguing presence of Smilacina racemosa, commonly known as false Solomon’s seal. This perennial wildflower’s identity is as layered as the forest floor it adorns, its names—both scientific and common—woven with historical and cultural threads.

Smilacina racemosa—the plant’s scientific name—offers a botanical breadcrumb trail to its identity. “Smilacina” derives from a diminutive form of the Latin word for smile, “smilax”, a reference not to the plant’s demeanor but to its resemblance to the related sarsaparilla plants, which belong to the genus Smilax. The species name “racemosa” speaks directly to its form, describing the characteristic raceme or cluster of flowers that gracefully arch at the end of its stalk, each blossom a delicate dot along the green wand.

The common name, false Solomon’s seal, tells a tale of mistaken identity and botanical homage. The name playfully suggests a sibling rivalry of sorts with its look-alike, the true Solomon’s seal (Polygonatum), which bears its flowers and fruits along the stem, rather than at the tip as in Smilacina. The term “Solomon’s seal” itself is steeped in lore, supposedly referring to the circular seals from King Solomon’s ring—a mark of wisdom and an echo in the circular scars on the rhizome of the true Solomon’s seal. Here, in this false version, the legacy is mimicked in form but remains uniquely distinct in its flowering finale.

As for its cultural tapestry, false Solomon’s seal holds its own chapter in Native American ethnobotany. The plant was not merely a forest decoration but a source of sustenance and medicine. Its young shoots and leaves were often harvested in spring, a woodland asparagus of sorts, eaten raw or cooked. The roots served a more medicinal role, employed in treatments from stomachaches to rheumatic pains, revealing a deep-rooted reverence for this plant’s healing potential.

Beyond its uses, false Solomon’s seal paints a broader stroke in the ecological canvas of Treman Gorge. Flowering in May, its creamy white blossoms are a ballet of light in the dappled shade, attracting a suite of spring pollinators. By autumn, the flowers give way to speckled red berries, a feast for the eyes and a banquet for birds and mammals, knitting itself into the life threads of its woodland home.

Thus, the journey of understanding Smilacina racemosa is as much about unearthing its etymological roots as it is about appreciating its ecological and cultural resonance. A plant of beauty and utility, it stands as a silent sentinel in the history-laden woods of Treman Gorge, its presence a whispered tale in the symphony of spring. As it stretches beneath the towering trees, it invites those who wander to delve deeper into its story, a tale woven through the very fabric of the forest floor.

Copyright 2024 Michael Stephen Wills All Rights Reserved

The Resilience and Beauty of the Heartleaf Foamflower

Step into the enchanting world of the Heartleaf Foamflower in Treman Gorge. Marvel at its star-like blossoms and explore its tale of resilience and beauty—a hidden gem in the lush forest floor.

MichaelStephenWills3 Comments

Amid the echoing call of the Treman gorge, the Heartleaf Foamflower (Tiarella cordifolia) emerges as a charming herald of spring. This modest yet captivating wildflower, with its star-like blossoms and heart-shaped leaves, offers a delightful study of nature’s intricate designs and adaptations.

Natural History of Heartleaf Foamflower

Tiarella cordifolia, commonly known as Heartleaf Foamflower, belongs to the saxifrage family. It thrives under the dappled shade of deciduous forests, often forming lush carpets along the moist, rich soils near streams or on the shaded forest floor. The Heartleaf Foamflower blooms in the late spring, presenting delicate white flowers that rise above the foliage on thin, wiry stems. These blossoms cluster into spiky foamy plumes, giving the plant its descriptive name.

In Robert H. Treman State Park, known for its deep gorge and cascading waterfalls, the Heartleaf Foamflower adds a layer of understated elegance to the rugged landscape. Here, the plant benefits from the high humidity and the protective canopy of mature trees, conditions that mirror the environments of its ancestral wilds.

Propagation in the Wild

Propagation of the Heartleaf Foamflower is a testament to its resilience and adaptability. The plant spreads primarily through stolons—horizontal runners that extend from the parent plant and root at nodes to form new clones. This vegetative reproduction allows dense colonies of foamflower to develop, creating a continuous undergrowth that stabilizes the soil and adds to the forest’s understorey diversity. After flowering, the foamflower produces dry capsules that release tiny seeds, capable of germinating under the right moisture and shade conditions, further expanding its reach within its habitat.

Uses by Humanity

While not widely known for its medicinal or culinary uses, the Heartleaf Foamflower holds a place in traditional gardening and native plant landscaping. Its ability to form dense ground covers and its charming appearance make it a favorite among gardeners looking to emulate a woodland setting. Beyond aesthetics, the foamflower serves as an ecological staple in native plant gardens, supporting local pollinators and contributing to the biodiversity of garden ecosystems.

Fanciful Exploration

Imagine a time when the floors of what now is Treman Gorge were untouched by trails or footprints. In this ancient tableau, the Heartleaf Foamflower quietly asserted its presence. Those soft white blooms a stark contrast to the deep greens and earthen browns of the forest floor. Native Americans might have admired its beauty or recognized its value in the tapestry of the woodland realm.

Today, visitors to Robert H. Treman State Park can witness this enduring beauty. As they wander along the gorge’s paths, they tread near these floral gems, stepping through the pages of a natural history that continues to unfold with each blooming season. The Heartleaf Foamflower, with its humble grace and enduring spirit, remains a symbol of the wild and pristine beauty that Treman Gorge has preserved through the ages.

Copyright 2024 Michael Stephen Wills All Rights Reserved