Scarlet Bee Balm and Bottlebrush Grass in Treman Park

Discover scarlet bee balm and eastern bottlebrush grass along Robert H. Treman’s South Rim Trail, where native plants reveal Finger Lakes ecology, history, and culture.

In July, the South Rim Trail of Robert H. Treman State the gorge gathers coolness, a refuge on sultry Finger Lakes summer afternoons. Beneath hemlocks and northern hardwoods, the air seems older, quieter, touched by water moving somewhere below. The trail passes between the intimacy of Enfield Glen and, higher up the gorge, the larger wandering course of the Finger Lakes Trail draws me away from ordinary measures of distance and urgency. In such a place, attention gradually changes. The forest ceases to be a green background and becomes a society of distinct lives.

A footbridge on the South Rim trail crosses a feeder stream to Enfield Creek.

It was in this receptive state that I encountered colonies of scarlet bee balm on either side of the Finger Lakes Trail. The crimson flower heads rising above the surrounding vegetation like scattered signal fires. The color seemed almost impossible in the woodland light—not delicate or retiring, but exuberant. Each blossom rewarded a closer look, resolving into a wild arrangement of slender red tubes, curling lips, dark centers, and leaflike bracts. Here a native plant announces itself with an exotic richness.

Scarlett Bee Balm bloomed throughout well watered flatlands of the park and surroundings.

Scarlet bee balm, Monarda didyma, is an herbaceous perennial in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is native to eastern North America and especially at home in moist woods, stream margins, thickets, and bottomlands. Its square stems, opposite serrated leaves, and aromatic oils disclose its kinship with other mints. Beneath the soil, spreading rhizomes enable it to form colonies. What appears from a distance to be one shaggy flower is actually a crowded head of many narrow, two-lipped flowers, each offering its own small entrance to nectar.

Scarlet Bee Balm rewards a close inspection

The scarlet tubes are beautifully suited to the ruby-throated hummingbird. A bird hovering before the flower reaches into the corolla with its long bill and carries pollen away on its head, becoming for a moment part of the plant’s reproductive life. Bumblebees, butterflies, and moths also visit. Members of the genus support several specialized native bees, while the dead hollow stems can provide nesting places for stem-nesting species. Even after flowering, therefore, bee balm continues to participate in the forest community. Its importance is not exhausted by its beauty.

Nipplewort growing among Scarlet Bee Balm

Humans have also entered into a long relationship with Monarda didyma. One of its common names, Oswego tea, remembers its use by the Oswego people of New York, who prepared the aromatic leaves as a beverage. Indigenous communities employed bee balm in varied medicinal traditions, and later settlers adopted it for teas and household remedies. Its leaves and edible flowers have been used to flavor jellies, soups, stews, and fruit dishes. Thymol, a component associated with Monarda oils, has found use in commercial antiseptic preparations. These histories deepen the encounter. The plant is a bearer of ecological and cultural memory, current posibilities. It is best to check with local regulations as foraging and collecting is regulated in New York Park lands.

Eastern bottlebrush grass offers a quieter kind of revelation. A native, cool-season perennial of the grass family, Poaceae, Elymus hystrix inhabits deciduous woods and shaded edges across much of eastern and central North America. Its specific name, hystrix, means “hedgehog,” an affectionate description of the long, radiating awns that give each seed head its bristling form. In the photograph, those awns catch the light so finely that the plant seems drawn with green wire against the luminous forest. Unlike bee balm, it does not advertise to hummingbirds or bees. Its flowers are wind-pollinated, their pale anthers releasing pollen into the moving air.

Bottlebruxh Grass catching afternoon dappled forest light

Where bee balm calls to birds and insects with color and nectar, bottlebrush grass entrusts its pollen to the wind. Its flowering is easily overlooked because grasses seldom conform to our habitual idea of a flower. There are no bright petals, no perfume meant to attract an animal visitor. Pale anthers emerge, air moves through the open spikelets, and pollen passes invisibly from plant to plant. Its apparent simplicity is the refinement of a different evolutionary strategy.

Bottlebrush grass sustains other lives in less conspicuous ways. Its foliage feeds the caterpillars of the northern pearly-eye butterfly and several moth species. Birds and white-footed mice eat its seeds, while grazing animals browse the tender young leaves. Its fibrous roots help hold woodland soil, and its tolerance of shade allows it to flourish beneath a leafy canopy where many grasses cannot. Cornell Botanic Gardens also records a Haudenosaunee practice involving a preparation of its leaves and reed-grass rootstocks in treating corn seed before planting—another meeting of botanical and cultural knowledge.

Today Elymus hystrix is increasingly welcomed into native woodland gardens, naturalized plantings, and erosion-control areas. Its seed heads bring movement and texture to shaded landscapes and can be used in floral arrangements. Monarda didyma, meanwhile, has become a familiar inhabitant of pollinator gardens and rain gardens. Cultivated thoughtfully, both plants allow a human landscape to recover some of the relationships present in a functioning woodland: roots securing soil, insects finding food, birds gathering seed, and seasons being permitted to complete themselves.

Encountered together, the two plants seemed to embody complementary ways of belonging. Scarlet bee balm was ardor made visible—bright, aromatic, and alive with invitation. Eastern bottlebrush was reticence and patience, revealing its elegance only to a lingering eye. One reached outward through color; the other surrendered itself to wind.

The afternoon’s discoveries thus offered two ways of being visible. Monarda didyma flared outward—scarlet, aromatic, thronged with visitors. Elymus hystrix waited for a shaft of light and an attentive eye. Between them lay the shaded South Rim Trail, the bridge, the climbing path, and the patient green world through which they conduct their separate lives. To walk there was to learn again that beauty is relationship: roots holding soil, wind carrying pollen, a hummingbird entering a red corolla, a mouse gathering seed, and a hiker pausing long enough for the forest to become particular.

Click me to visit Michael Stephen Wills Online Finger Lakes Gallery.

Enter your email to receive notification of future postings. I will not sell or share your email address.

From Thimbleweed to Canada Anemone: Wildflower Photography in the Finger Lakes

White anemones at Malloryville and Treman reveal thimbleweed and Canada anemone through intimate portraits, shifting light, woodland edges, and quiet transformation from bloom to seed.

Along the long defunct railroad right of way at the O. D. von Engeln Preserve in Malloryville, Tompkins County, my 2005 photographs in the following gallery show thimbleweed, Anemone virginiana, in a world of green stillness. Made with a tripod-mounted Sony DSC-F828, they have the patient intimacy of deliberate looking. The camera holds close to one flower, then another stage of the same life, as if time itself had paused among the stems. One bloom faces the lens like a small moon with a green-gold sun at its center. Buds stand nearby, closed and expectant, like folded letters. Later frames reveal the flower after weather and time have touched it: sepals lifted and worn, stamens loosened, dew clinging to the stem, the seed head beginning its bristling ascent. The plant is caught mid-transformation, a white flame becoming a green lantern.

These Thimbleweeds are not white anemones in the soft sense of a spring flower, but tall anemones, thimbleweeds, plants of height, poise, and aftermath. Their most memorable structure is already waiting at the center of the flower: the green cone that will remain when the white sepals have gone. Freshly opened the flower is tender and stippled, ringed by yellow stamens; later it rises alone, armored in fine points, a little tower of continuance. The flower has not vanished. It has changed its language.

My 2005 photographs are portraits, each built from closeness and quiet restraint. The shallow focus turns the surrounding vegetation into a green tide, leaving the thimbleweed suspended in its own clear weather. The tripod’s steadiness gives the images a contemplative gravity. Nothing feels seized. Everything feels attended to. The thin stems become vertical measures in the dim woods, and the pale flowers seem to shine not by brightness alone but by contrast with the shaded world behind them.

More than twenty years later, on June 13, 2026, the photographs from Robert H. Treman State Park near Ithaca offer another kind of seeing. These images, made with an iPhone 14 Pro Max, show Canada anemone, Anemonastrum canadense, along the Gorge Trail. The style is wider, more immediate, more ecological. Instead of isolating a single flower in formal portrait, the camera gathers the colony: white blossoms scattered among sharply cut leaves, stone wall, leaf litter, and the living green of the gorge. The plant is here a constellation at ground level.

These photographs from the Gorge Trail of Robert H. Treman park have the fluency of a walk. They bring us into the place where the flowers grow, letting the eye move from blossom to leaf, from wall to moist soil, from one white face to another. In the close views, the Canada anemone opens with a rounder, simpler grace than the thimbleweed: white petals surrounding a modest green center and delicate yellow anthers. In the wider frames, its leaves make a bright, serrated fabric over the ground, a many-handed greenery receiving the light.

The contrast between the two sets is also a contrast between eras of photography. The Sony images feel like field studies made with ceremony: tripod, fixed attention, a single subject lifted from the woodland dimness. The iPhone images feel like discoveries carried in the hand, the eye moving freely through a living patch of plants. One approach gives us the flower as emblem; the other gives us the flower as citizen of a community. Together they make a fuller truth.

Across a twenty-one-year span, the technology changed dramatically. The 2005 Malloryville series has the patient, close-focus attention of a dedicated camera: ISO 64, small aperture, long exposures, the photographer leaning into stillness. The 2026 Treman images arrive through a phone camera, quick and bright, able to record both blossom and habitat with effortless clarity. Yet the flowers themselves refuse to become dated. These anemone are older than both cameras and indifferent to their sophistication. It keeps its own calendar: bud, bloom, seed, root, return.

Yet the kinship between the plants persists. Both hold white blooms above finely divided leaves. Both belong to the cool, green margins of the Finger Lakes landscape. Both take the ordinary materials of summer, water, shade, stone, soil, and passing light, and make from them a brief astonishment. The thimbleweed raises its solitary green future on a long stem. The Canada anemone spreads its brightness in company. One is a sentence written upward; the other, a page of scattered stars.

The wonder of these anemone is partly structural. Their “petals” are actually petal-like sepals, often five, sometimes more, white and slightly irregular, as if each flower has been hand-torn from light. The yellow stamens ring a green central cone, a small workshop of pollen and future seed. Insects visit for what the flower offers, while the plant asks only for suitable ground and enough room to run. It is not timid. Gardeners know they can spread vigorously, but in the wild that vigor reads differently: not aggression, but insistence. It is the plant saying, “Here is moisture, here is light, here is my chance.”

The photographs also show how much of wildflower beauty lies in context. The pristine frontal bloom is lovely, yes, but so is the closed bud held among vertical stems; so is the aging seed head with spent sepals hanging like weathered pennants; so is the colony rising from a gorge-side floor. Wonder does not reside only in peak bloom. It lives in the before and after, in the green machinery of leaves, in the “almost,” the “not yet,” and the “still becoming.”

To look at the anemone in this way is to be reminded that native plants are actors in the ecological drama of a place: stabilizing soil, feeding insects, responding to light gaps, marking moisture, stitching disturbed edges back into life. Their beauty is functional, and their function is beautiful. A wildflower is never only its moment of bloom. It is bud and blossom, seed and stem, place and weather, memory and return.

These photographs understand that. They show not just flowers, but the disciplined patience of plants: the hush before opening, the radiance of full display, the quiet labor after beauty has done its visible work. In Malloryville, a white flame becomes a green lantern. At Treman, small moons gather beside the stone. And through both, the green world keeps speaking in its oldest memorable phrase: nothing delicate is merely fragile.

Click me to visit Michael Stephen Wills Online Finger Lakes Gallery.

Enter your email to receive notification of future postings. I will not sell or share your email address.

The Wonder of Purple-Flowered Raspberry: Nature’s Thornless Native Treasure

The purple-flowered raspberry is a native shrub that confounds expectations, combining rose-like blossoms, maple-shaped leaves, edible fruit, and thornless stems into one of eastern North America’s most enchanting woodland plants.

I first encountered the purple-flowered raspberry while walking the Gorge Trail at Fillmore Glen State Park. Dry Creek murmured below, working patiently within ancient shale walls that confine its course. Waterfalls spilled from ledges overhead, cool mist drifted through the narrow passage, and sunlight filtered down in shifting patches through the summer canopy. It was a landscape dramatic enough to command all of one’s attention.

Yet it was a flower growing quietly beside the trail that stopped me in my tracks.

Purple-flowered Raspberry Growing Within Treman Gorge by the South Rim Trail

At first glance, I thought I had stumbled upon an escaped garden plant. The blossoms were  impossible to ignore—large, open, and an exuberant shade of rose-purple that glowed against the surrounding green. They seemed too extravagant for the subdued palette of a northeastern woodland. The petals had the simple elegance of wild roses, but there was something else about the plant that resisted easy identification.

The purple-flowered raspberry, Rubus odoratus, is a plant of delightful contradictions. Its blossoms are among the largest in the raspberry family, often two inches across. They appear over an extended season, beginning in early summer and continuing well toward autumn. Unlike the brief fireworks of many woodland wildflowers, this plant stages an encore performance, offering fresh blooms long after others have taken their final bow.

Over the years, I returned often to Fillmore Glen. Dry Creek became an old acquaintance, its voice changing with the seasons—boisterous after spring rains, subdued during the heat of late summer. And almost every year, somewhere along the Gorge Trail, I would encounter those same remarkable shrubs. Familiarity deepened into appreciation, and appreciation eventually became affection.

The flowers also serve a practical purpose beyond their beauty. Native bees and other pollinating insects visit them regularly, gathering nectar and pollen throughout the season. The plant has become part of an intricate ecological conversation that has been unfolding for thousands of years.

Then there are the leaves. The first time I noticed them closely, they triggered another moment of confusion. Broad and softly textured, divided into five lobes, they looked uncannily like oversized maple leaves. Some can grow nearly ten inches across, creating islands of lush greenery along shaded streambanks and woodland edges.

It is as though nature, in one of her playful moods, decided to combine the leaf of a maple, the flower of a rose, and the fruit of a raspberry.

Most raspberries and blackberries demand respect from a distance. Their prickles and thorns snag clothing and skin with equal enthusiasm. Purple-flowered raspberry breaks that expectation as well. Its stems are fuzzy rather than fierce. There are no hooked defenses waiting to punish curiosity. The plant invites close examination.

By late summer, the blossoms yield to flattened red fruits. Technically, they are raspberries, though they lack the sugary richness of their cultivated cousins. I have sampled them occasionally, appreciating them more for the experience than the flavor. Birds, however, are less discriminating. The fruits provide nourishment for wildlife, becoming another thread in the web of life that surrounds Dry Creek and countless other woodland habitats.

Native to eastern North America, purple-flowered raspberry ranges from Nova Scotia westward into Ontario and Wisconsin, extending south through the Appalachian Mountains. It thrives along forest margins, rocky slopes, stream corridors, and disturbed areas where sunlight penetrates the canopy. Through underground shoots, it gradually forms colonies that stabilize soil and provide shelter for small creatures.

It belongs exactly where I first found it. There is a temptation, especially among gardeners, to seek novelty elsewhere—to import the exotic, the unusual, the unfamiliar. Yet some of the most extraordinary plants are those that have quietly shared our landscapes all along.

The purple-flowered raspberry reminds me of this truth each time I encounter it. It teaches the value of paying attention. A hurried walk through Fillmore Glen might focus exclusively on the waterfalls, the sculpted rock formations, or the cool refuge of the gorge itself. All are worthy of admiration. But along the margins of the trail stand these shrubs, offering their own quieter marvels.

My photograph captures all flowering forms of this member of the Rose family. This specimen was blooming in August within the shade of Fillmore Glen in the Finger Lakes of New York State.

A rose-colored flower where one expects white. Maple leaves on a raspberry cane. Soft stems where thorns should be. Fruit that feeds the forest. A native plant that asks for nothing more than the chance to flourish where it has always belonged. Years after that first encounter beside Dry Creek, the sight of those blossoms still stops me as I find them in all the Finger Lakes gorges.

Certain plants become landmarks in our personal geography. They root themselves not only in the soil but in memory. The purple-flowered raspberry has become one of those companions for me—a recurring presence marking the passage of summers, a familiar face in a beloved landscape.

Dry Creek continues its patient work of carving stone. The waterfalls continue to descend in silver ribbons through the gorge. And each year, as if renewing an old friendship, the purple-flowered raspberries lift their improbable blossoms toward the filtered light. In their presence, wonder becomes less an emotion than a habit of attention.

Sometimes the greatest discoveries are not rare because they are hidden. They are rare because we have not yet learned to see them. The purple-flowered raspberry taught me to look more closely. Along a trail I thought I knew by heart, it revealed that nature still keeps delightful surprises in reserve.

Click me to visit Michael Stephen Wills Online Finger Lakes Gallery.

Enter your email to receive notification of future postings. I will not sell or share your email address.

Stones That Traveled: Glacial Erratics, Deep Time, and the Stories They Leave Behind

Glacial erratics are immigrant stones—carried south by ice, dropped without explanation, and left behind to challenge our sense of permanence, place, and deep time.

There are rocks that merely sit where gravity has placed them, and then there are rocks that arrive with stories already embedded—foreign syllables carried south on ice, dropped without explanation, and left for us to puzzle over. Glacial erratics belong to the second category. They are migrants with no passports, refugees of deep time, whose presence quietly contradicts the landscape that hosts them.

Long before anyone reached for a hand lens or an ice-flow diagram, people answered such contradictions with imagination. In Ireland, a boulder perched just so on a mountain side is not a geologic problem but a resting place. Leprechauns, we are told, favor such stones—high enough to observe human intrusion, solid enough to outlast it. Skepticism, as folklore reminds us, is not always a stable position. Kevin Woods—better known as McCoillte—found that out the hard way when doubt collided with experience on the slopes of Slieve Foye. What followed was not merely a conversion story, but an act of modern mythmaking: folklore translated into bureaucracy, imagination petitioning regulation, and “The Last Leprechauns” entering the unlikely language of conservation. Stone, story, and belief hardened together into something oddly durable.

Rocks such as this are a favorite perch for leprechauns to rest and contemplate the works of man who have invaded their world. Inhabitants of Carlingford who wander Slieve Foye have come upon them often enough, their stories and certitude in the existence of the Little People are resistant to manifold doubters with their reasons and arguments. Kevin Woods, aka McCoillte, was a doubter until worked on a stone wall on property he owned on Ghan Road, Carlingford. His belief did not arise on the discovery of the leather purse, covered with ages of dust and lime, nor with the gold coins inside. McCoillte pocketed the coins for luck. As luck would have it, McCoillte loved to walk on Slieve Foye. It was on one such walk he and his dog encountered Little People who paralyzed them to escape. His unexplained absence led to troubles with the wife. This experience brought McCoillte around to enough of a belief that he, with lots of help, succeeded in petitioning the E.U. European Habitats directive to recognize leprechauns a protected species. A reserve was establish on Slieve Foye to protect the “Last Leprechauns” and you can google this phrase to learn more about McCoillte’s stories.

Back in the Finger Lakes, we tend to use a different grammar when confronted by an out-of-place rock. We name it, classify it, and trace its lineage northward. Erratics scattered across Tompkins County are geological sentences that begin somewhere else entirely. The bedrock beneath Ithaca—Devonian shale and sandstone—cannot account for crystalline intruders left behind like forgotten punctuation marks. These stones speak of ice sheets thick enough to erase valleys and decisive enough to transport mountains in fragments.

Some of those fragments have been domesticated. Cornell, for example, has never been shy about rearranging its stones. An unremarked erratic along the Allen Trail may once have been shrugged off as inconvenient rubble, while another—dragged from the Sixmile Creek valley—was carved into a seat and made eloquent. The Tarr memorial boulder, resting near McGraw Hall, transforms erratic stone into deliberate monument. It invites rest, contemplation, and perhaps gratitude for those who taught us how to read landscapes written by glaciers.

We find boulders of crystalline rock, commonly derived from Adirondack sources, left behind on the surface of ablation moraine, in the Finger Lakes Region. Cornell finds some and move them, maybe the case for this unremarked erratic found along the Allen Trail of FR Newman Arboretum. Another enormous erratic, brought in from the Sixmile Creek valley, was carved into a seat as a memorial to Professor R.S. Tarr who deciphered much of the glacial history of the Finger Lakes Region. Find it at the southwest corner of McCraw Hall on the Cornell University Campus. Reference: “The Finger Lakes Region: Its Origin and Nature,” O.D. von Engeln, Cornell University Press, 1961 page 106

Glacial Erratic, Fillmore Glen

Elsewhere, erratics remain defiantly themselves. In winter, one along Fall Creek alternates between anonymity and revelation, depending on whether snow smooths its surface or retreats to expose lichen constellations. Bridges pass overhead, traffic flows, semesters turn over, yet the rock remains unimpressed. It has already endured pressure sufficient to rearrange its crystals; a passing academic calendar is not likely to trouble it.

This boulder, a glacial erratic, was found near Fall Creek and the Cornell Botanic Gardens Horticulture Building. Cornell University, Ithaca, Tompkins County, New York State

This rock, a glacial erratic, was found near Fall Creek and the Cornell Botanic Gardens Horticulture Building. Cornell University, Ithaca, Tompkins County, New York State

Then there are the stones that confront us most directly—those we stumble upon in fields, pulled from soil by plow or frost, demanding explanation. A white, iron-stained marble boulder in a Tompkins County field is not subtle about its foreignness. It does not belong to the local vocabulary of shale and sandstone. Its pale surface, crystalline texture, and mineral scars point insistently north, toward the Grenville terrane of the Adirondack Lowlands. The Balmat–Edwards–Gouverneur marble belt offers the most persuasive origin story: metamorphosed carbonate rock carried south by Laurentide ice, released when climate and physics finally lost patience with one another.

I found this white marble erratic in a Tompkins County field. The highest-probability source is Grenville marble from the NW Adirondack Lowlands / St. Lawrence County (Gouverneur/Balmat–Edwards marble belt), delivered by southward-flowing Laurentide ice. I say the most probable source is metamorphosed carbonate (marble) from the Grenville terrane to the north—especially the northwest Adirondack Lowlands / St. Lawrence County marble belt (the “Gouverneur Marble” and related Grenville marbles), transported south by the last Laurentide ice sheet. Why that’s the best bet: Ice-flow geometry favors a northern source. In the Finger Lakes, glacial ice advanced with a flow direction that was very close to due south, guided by the north–south bedrock valleys. Tompkins County erratics are “exotic” imports. Local bedrock around Ithaca/Tompkins is Devonian shale/sandstone, but the region contains many nonlocal (“exotic”) glacial erratics carried in from much farther north (including southern Canada and beyond). Marble isn’t local to the Ithaca area, but it is abundant in the NW Adirondack Lowlands. The Balmat–Edwards/Gouverneur area in St. Lawrence County is a classic Grenville Lowlands district with marble belts (the same province that yields cream/white building marble around Gouverneur).

What makes this particular erratic compelling is not just its provenance, but the improbability of its journey. Ice moved with purpose here, flowing south along bedrock valleys like Fall Creek and Cayuga troughs, turning the Finger Lakes region into a conveyor belt for distant geology. When the ice melted, it left behind evidence that refuses to blend in. Erratics are geological truth-tellers. They announce that this place was once unrecognizable, that what seems permanent is merely provisional.

Perhaps that is why folklore clings so naturally to stone. Whether leprechauns or Laurentide ice are credited, erratics insist on a larger frame of reference. They ask us to imagine landscapes in motion and beliefs under revision. A boulder can be a seat, a marker, a perch, or a puzzle—but never merely background. It waits, quietly confident, for us to catch up to its story.

Enter your email to receive notification of future postings. I will not sell or share your email address.

Lucifer Falls in Winter: Traversing Ice Chutes Along Ithaca’s South Rim Trail

A careful winter walk along the South Rim reveals Lucifer Falls transformed—ice chutes, frozen veils, and flowing water beneath stone, inviting patience, attention, and quiet awe.

January pares the gorge to essentials. Color withdraws, sound sharpens, and the land reveals its underlying grammar—stone, water, cold, and time. Reaching Lucifer Falls by the South Rim Trail on a winter morning feels less like an initiation, a careful passage through ice-chutes and shadowed ledges where the creek rehearses its ancient work in a new key.

Wintertime scene along the South Rim Trail of Robert H. Treman State park. The trail is solid ice. Ithaca, Tompkins County New York State

The trail begins quietly, a soft crunch underfoot where snow thins to leaf litter. Hemlocks hold their breath. The gorge opens in increments, not all at once, and the creek’s voice arrives in fragments—first a whisper, then a steady insistence. Winter edits the landscape with a clean hand. The clutter of summer understory is gone; what remains is structure: stratified shale stacked like a book left open to a single, patient chapter. Every footfall demands attention. Ice slicks the stone where seeps cross the path, and the trail teaches a winter gait—short steps, weight centered, the quiet confidence of traction earned rather than assumed.

As the rim narrows, the air cools perceptibly. The gorge walls rise higher, their layered faces stippled with frost and snow. Icicles form a punctuation along ledges, commas and exclamation points caught mid-sentence. In places, the trail descends into ice chutes—steep, polished corridors where meltwater has glazed the rock. Here, the body listens more closely. Boots test, then commit. Hands brush the cold bark of a leaning tree, a borrowed handrail. There is pleasure in this concentration, the way winter insists on presence. You cannot hurry. You cannot drift.

Below, the creek widens into a quiet pool, its surface a muted mirror. Thin plates of ice drift and collide, sounding a faint porcelain clink. The sound carries upward, amplified by the gorge’s acoustics, a delicate counterpoint to the deeper hush of falling water. The trail curves, and suddenly the falls announce themselves—not in full view, but as a white presence beyond the bend, a brightness lodged between walls of stone.

The trails this day were solid ice. I arrived via the South Rim Trail, the only way to access this site. Robert H. Treman State Park, Ithaca, Tompkins County, New York State

Approaching from the South Rim offers a measured reveal. First the upper cascades appear, water fanning across rock that has become a winter canvas. Ice has claimed the margins, building ribs and curtains that thicken day by day. The falls do not stop in January; they change. Water threads through ice, slips behind it, emerges again in translucent veils. Gravity persists, but its expression is altered—slower, more deliberate, sculptural.

At the base, Lucifer Falls stands transformed. The familiar plunge has become a tiered architecture of frozen flow, a stepped amphitheater where icicles hang like organ pipes and snow pillows settle into hollows. The water still moves, a silver ribbon finding its way down the left flank, while the right side has grown into a cathedral of ice. The gorge walls close in, amplifying the sound—a low, resonant murmur that feels as much felt as heard.

The cold sharpens every sense. Breath fogs, then clears. Fingers tingle through gloves as the camera comes out, metal biting through insulation. Framing becomes an act of translation: how to honor motion when much of it has paused; how to suggest the hidden currents beneath the frozen skin. A short video will later catch what stillness cannot—the soft shiver of water behind ice, the way the falls breathe even in winter—but for now, the eye lingers on texture and line. Shale layers echo the ice’s striations. Time repeats itself in different materials.

Standing there, it’s impossible not to feel the weight of deep history. These rocks remember glaciers and warmer seas; this creek has been at work since before memory had a word. January merely adds a chapter. Snow feathers the ledges. A stray sunbeam slips into the gorge, briefly igniting the ice, and then is gone. The falls return to their monochrome palette, as dignified as an old photograph.

The return along the rim is lighter, the path now familiar, confidence earned. The ice chutes yield more easily on the way back, as if acknowledging the careful passage. Above the gorge, the forest resumes its quiet, and the trail leads out into the open day. What lingers is the sense of having witnessed something intimate and exacting—a winter conversation between stone and water, conducted without haste, inviting those willing to slow down and listen.

January asks little and gives much. Reaching Lucifer Falls by the South Rim is a reminder that beauty is not diminished by cold; it is clarified.

Enter your email to receive notification of future postings. I will not sell or share your email address.

Winter Walking at Taughannock Falls: Finding Connection and Quiet Along the Gorge Rim Trails

Winter distills Taughannock Gorge to stone, water, and silence, where careful footsteps along icy rim trails reveal deep connections between landscape, memory, and quiet joy.

Winter pares the world down to its essential lines, and nowhere is that more apparent than on the rim trails of Taughannock Falls State Park. On a Wednesday afternoon walk, a three-mile pilgrimage, the gorge revealed itself as a living corridor of connections—between water and stone, past and present, effort and joy. The season sharpened every sensation: the crunch and slip of ice underfoot, the hush of leafless woods, the long exhale of the falls echoing unseen below.

From the overlook, the gorge opens like a vast stone book, its pages written in shale and time. Taughannock Falls drops away in the distance, not so much seen as felt—its presence announced by scale and gravity. Even before stepping onto the trail, the walk establishes its rhythm: pause, look, breathe. Winter insists on this slower tempo. Ice dictates caution, and caution invites attention.

Heading along the Rim Trail my progress became deliberate. The path, glazed in places with solid ice, turned each step into a negotiation. Yet this was no impediment to pleasure. Slowness allowed for noticing the quiet labor of the park maintenance crew, whose careful clearing and repairs spoke of spring already anticipated. Their work stitched the present moment to the coming season, a reminder that parks, like stories, are maintained through this unseen devotion.

The gorge itself is a system of thresholds. A bridge crossing the creek marks the transition from North to South Rim, but it also frames one of the most dramatic views in the park. Standing above the chasm, one senses connection: water flowing beneath, trails diverging and rejoining, human passage layered lightly atop geological endurance. The gorge is a conversation between forces, ongoing and unresolved.

Gorge Road, early November
Gorge Road, early November
From the South Rim Trail. Taughannock Falls, New York State Park, Ulysees, Tompkins County, Finger Lakes Region.
Click any photograph for a larger image

Ice eventually nudged my walk onto Gorge Road, which parallels the South Rim Trail like a quieter narrative strand. Here, the landscape shifts from wild drama to human memory. A curve in the road reveals a farmhouse, modest and fragile beside its outsized barn. In winter, the absence of leaves makes the scene stark and honest. The farmstead buildings do not ask for nostalgia; they simply stand, bearing witness to lives tethered to this steep land. The structures emerge gradually as I walk downhill, as if the land itself were choosing when to reveal them.

Overview of this small cemetery overlooking Cayuga Lake

A short detour leads to a small cemetery perched on a shelf above Cayuga Lake, near the Taughannock Farms Inn. In winter, cemeteries feel less like places of mourning and more like rooms of quiet conversation. Headstones rise from frozen ground, their inscriptions softened by time and distance. From this vantage point, lake and sky merge in pale bands, and the lives commemorated here feel gently folded into the larger story of the landscape. The dead, too, are part of the park’s web of connections.

Another detour brings the lower falls into view—a more intimate expression of the same water that plunges dramatically upstream. Here the sound is closer, the movement more conversational. It is easy to imagine this water traveling, moment by moment, linking ravine to lake, winter to spring, memory to presence.

One of many Rim Trail overlooks. That is the Gorge Trail, below.

Rejoining the rim trail for the final climb north, the gorge offers repeated overlooks where the Gorge Trail can be seen threading below. These moments collapse distance: walker and walker, above and below, bound by the same route at different elevations. Over the course of roughly three miles and almost 600 feet of cumulative elevation change, effort becomes its own reward. Two hours pass not as measured time but as a sustained attentiveness, a gift winter offers to those willing to meet it on its terms.

Walking these trails in winter is about entering a conversation with the land—listening to ice, stone, water, and history speak in a quieter register. The joy lies in connection: trail to trail, gorge to road, past to present, and walker to place. In winter, Taughannock invites, gently and honestly, those who are willing to walk slowly enough to see.

Enter your email to receive notification of future postings. I will not sell or share your email address.

Distant Sapphire III

From a modest bench above Taughannock Gorge, Cayuga Lake shifts from distant glimmer to presence—a quiet invitation to pause, breathe, and follow the water down.

From the south rim of Taughannock Gorge, Cayuga Lake appears like a distant strip of sapphire, framed today by a soft veil of hemlock and oak. The overlook here is modest—a fence, a bit of open sky—but someone wisely added a comfortable bench, an invitation to pause between gorge and lake, rock and water.

I stood in front of that bench, resting the camera body on the fence, fingers braced against the wood to steady the shot. This is not the grand, sweeping vista of a postcard. Instead, it is a quieter, more human vantage point, the way a person actually encounters the lake after walking the rim: emerging from the trees, breath easing, eyes adjusting to the light on water.

From here, the trail descends toward Cayuga’s shore, each turn bringing you lower and closer, trading the lofty perspective for the intimate sounds of waves and stone. In Distant Sapphire I and II, the lake was a glimpse—caught between branches, distant beyond the gorge. Now, in this “Bench View,” the water feels nearer, almost within reach, as though the landscape itself is drawing you gently down.

Click photograph for a larger view. To do this from WordPress Reader, you need to first click the title of this post to open a new page.

I’ve gathered the three photographs—Glimpse of Cayuga Lake, Gorge View with Oak Leaves, and this Cayuga Lake Bench View—into a small gallery, a progression of approach. Each frame is a step closer: from suggestion, to invitation, to the quiet promise of the bench, waiting for whoever needs to sit and look a little longer.

A gallery of the three Cayuga Lake photographs for comparison.

Enter your email to receive notification of future postings. I will not sell or share your email address.

Distant Sapphire II

Cayuga waters reflect a blue November sky.

Cayuga Lake from the south rim of Taughannock Gorge, seen through a veil of hemlock with a carpet of fallen oak leaves, foreground. This is a companion to the previous post, both were handheld. For this the foreground was included to increase interest. For added stability, I rested the camera body on the fence bracketed with my fingers.

Click photograph for a larger view. To do this from WordPress Reader, you need to first click the title of this post to open a new page.

A gallery of the two photographs for comparison.

Enter your email to receive notification of future postings. I will not sell or share your email address.

Distant Sapphire I

Cayuga waters reflect a blue November sky.

Cayuga waters reflect a blue November sky.

Click photograph for a larger view. To do this from WordPress Reader, you need to first click the title of this post to open a new page.

Photographs in Gallery

Enter your email to receive notification of future postings. I will not sell or share your email address.

Cornell Botanic Gardens’ Monkey Run: History, Geology, and Scenic Fall Creek

A contemplative walk along Monkey Run where Fall Creek writes the valley’s history—sycamores, bridges, and Devonian stone speaking across seasons in Cornell’s living classroom.

On a morning in late March, when the hills about Ithaca still hold the night’s frost in their shaded folds, I took the path called Monkey Run and went to see how Fall Creek spends its winter earnings. The air had the bright sting of thaw, a kind of vernal austerity that keeps a man honest in his steps. Along the high bank the sun spilled its coin onto the water, where it broke and flickered like a school of silver minnows. A rim of snow clung to the shale ledges, and the leaves of last year’s oaks—curled, fox-red, and faithful—whispered as if to keep the woods awake until spring fully claimed them.

Sunlit bend of Fall Creek viewed from a high bank at Monkey Run in early spring.

Monkey Run is one of the outlying parcels tended by Cornell Botanic Gardens—once called the Plantations, and now, more fittingly, named for the living charge it keeps. These gardens do not end at beds and borders; they encompass the wilder rooms of the county, more than a thousand hectares of glens, pastures, and ravines where the university’s first and oldest teacher—nature herself—still holds class. Fall Creek is one of her principal lecturers. Rising beyond the high country of Cayuga Heights and slipping under stone and snow, it shoulders its way across the campus, idles a while in Beebe Lake, and turns turbines of memory at Triphammer Falls before shouldering on toward the lake that receives nearly everything here—Cayuga—long, deep, and glacial in its thinking.

Tall white-barked sycamores leafless against a blue March sky at Monkey Run.

If you would learn a valley’s mind, walk a meander. The creek here composes with easy cursive, laying down a bar of gravel, nibbling at a bank of clay, then sweeping back to consider its work from the opposite shore. The geologist says the rock is Devonian, pages laid flat and damp with time, and the ice of ten thousand winters ago scoured them into the open. A creek is a patient mason, working without rest and never in anger. I admired these sycamores—their clean bones shining through the leafless canopy like the ribs of an old cathedral. Winter reveals their whiteness; summer grants them shade. A stand of white pines keeps a dark counsel in the background; on the muddy edge, green tongues of skunk cabbage push up, pledges made by the swamp to keep faith with the sun.

Rust-stained steel pier above calm water on Fall Creek along Monkey Run trail

I came down to the water near an old steel pier, a bridge remnant, hanging on each end without purpose. It wears graffiti the way a boulder wears lichen; human wishes, briefly rooted, coloring what they can. The river accepts it all, the pilings and the scribbles, the cast limb and the bottle’s glint, and continues its one unarguable gesture downstream. That is the old instruction of Fall Creek: use, refuse, endure. Before the university drew students from every quarter, the creek turned wheels and powered the small ambitions of a frontier town. Even the name Triphammer speaks of iron struck to purpose. Now the water powers something quieter: the studies of herons, the almanacs of kingfishers, the quick arithmetic of minnows over limestone.

Looking back while climbing the steep bluff

Steps cut from logs ascend the bluff, each tread pegged with iron, each rise a short confession of breath. I climbed to the ridge, paused halfway, and through the gray lace of March branches saw the creek shining at a bend far below. A man cannot help but measure his own life against such a course. The path goes up and down in obedient red blazes, but the water keeps its own counsel. Where the bank slumps the river shoulders through; where the bottom rises it lays down a mirror. In my youth I wanted the straight run, the short work. Now the curve pleases me. To go with the current and not be carried away—that is a lesson suitable to the grey in my beard.

Clear, shallow run of Fall Creek with shale bottom and pine stand in distance
Bluff overlooking Fall Creek in summer

When I returned five months later, on August 23, the same path had forgotten the word austerity. The cathedral of sycamore was fully leafed, the white pillars now vanished behind a nave of shade. The pines perfumed the air without trying. A new footbridge—clean timber arching like a bent bow—spanned one of the wet flats. Its braces, black-bolted and handsome, looked as if they would hold the weight of an ox team or a file of schoolchildren. Such crossings are a kind of promise from the present to the future: we found a way through here; may you, too. Below, the floor was upholstered with moss, oak leaves, and a scatter of pinecones—the slow currency of the woods accumulating interest.

Arched wooden footbridge in summer forest on Cornell’s Monkey Run trail.

Summer makes a confidant of every plant. Ferns unrolled their scripture at the bridge abutment; jewelweed held its tiny lanterns along the seeps; a kingfisher rattled downstream, blue lightning with a bill. The creek, glassy over its shale pavement, showed every wrinkle of its stride. I waded a little, feeling with the sole what the eye could not—where the current took an extra thought around a stone, where it forgot itself in a warm eddy. Trout lingered in the dimmer reaches, quick as commas; a great blue heron lifted off with that surprising tidiness of wing, ungainly only in our imagination.

In all seasons the trail carries two histories: one written in rock and water, the other in the footfall of people. Cornell’s founders, Ezra and Andrew White, believed the university should place the hand near the thing studied; here that principle is plain. Botany students take their lectures in leaf and bark; geologists read the creek banks as if the pages might soon turn by themselves; children learn the oldest calculus—how long a stick will float before it catches in the weeds. The caretakers from the Botanic Gardens mark, mend, and interpret, but they do not overtalk. The woods speak enough.

Moss, grass and pinecones on an overlook of Fall Creek

As the afternoon eased toward evening, I climbed once more to the bluff. The light had gone honey-colored and the leaves of the maples, those careful accountants of September, were just beginning to weigh their green against gold. I looked down on the bend where I’d stood in March—cold, bright, expectant—and felt the year’s circle gently close. As John Burroughs wrote, “The power to see straight is the rarest of gifts… to be able to detach yourself and see the thing as it actually is, uncolored or unmodified by your own… prepossessions… that is to be an observer and to read the book of nature aright.” Monkey Run obliges that humility. The creek moves as it always has—glacially taught, mill-forged, campus-wise, and freedom-loving—and the trail, with its modest stairs and honest bridges, invites us to walk beside it, to match our breath to its turnings, and to leave, if we can, a lighter trace than we found.

References

Ways of Nature (1905), “Reading the Book of Nature,” pp. 275–276 (The Writings of John Burroughs, Riverside ed., vol. XIV, Houghton Mifflin)

Enter your email to receive notification of future postings. I will not sell or share your email address.